Question 1. Are Elisha Vining and Mary Leavitt confirmed as Israel's parents?

Background: Parentage is circumstantial, not documentary. No baptism, birth record, or parental will names him their child. Supporting: this Israel named one son Leavitt (Mary's maiden name) and another Elisha; his marriage record describes him as 'of Abington.' Repeated naming after infant child deaths is a trend in this family (Elisha and Mary had earlier children Mary, David, Israel, and Ebed who all died in 1752 and were each replaced by later children of the same name).

Question 2. Why is Israel's birth not in the Abington Vital Records?

Background: 1832 pension testimony: born March 5, 1757, 1758, or 1759 in Abington. No Abington baptism recorded. The first-born Israel (b. 1748) was baptized at a Weymouth church per Vital Records of Weymouth, so the second-born Israel's baptism may also be at Weymouth or Hingham. If possible sister Celia (bapt. 15 May 1758) is also a child of Elisha and Mary, 1758 is ruled out for Israel — their births would be ~2 months apart, which is impossible — leaving 1757 or 1759. Age 81 at death (per Windsor C.R. and gravestone) weakly indicates 1759 over 1757.

Question 3. Who was the older brother Israel substituted for in the 1775 8-month service?

Background: Israel testified (~1834 supplemental pension) that in 1775 he served at Roxbury in his brother's place for nearly half the term in Capt. Reed's Co., Col. Bailey's Regt. Brother unnamed. Candidates: David Vining (b. 1753, age 22 in 1775) or Elisha Vining Jr. (b. 1742, age 33 in 1775).